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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Recovery of the Empire| ▸ |Severina||View Options:  |  |  | 

Severina, Augusta spring 274 - November 275 A.D.

Ulpia Severina may have been the daughter of Ulpius Crinitus, a general of Valerian. Ulpius Crinitus probably adopted Aurelian in 258 and gave him Severina in marriage. Severina had a daughter by Aurelian, by whom she became grandmother to an Aurelian who became a Senator in the time of Constantine I. Nothing is known of Severina prior to Aurelian's becoming Augustus in the late summer of 270. After that time she traveled with him on his military campaigns and became quite popular with the troops because she devoted her time and wealth to their welfare, in sharp contrast to previous Empresses. It is said that she acquired a martial air, and that her conduct was faultless. For some reason Aurelian did not honor her with coins until at least the third year of his reign, when his own reform of the coinage was under way. When Aurelian was murdered near Byzantium in the late summer of 275, Severina survived and there is substantial evidence from the coins to believe that she may have continued to strike and perhaps even rule during the so-called 'Interregnum.' Her coins of Alexandria dated in the final year of the reign of Aurelian comprise the bulk of that mint's coinage, and her final issues at other mints, which were usually restricted to a few officinae, were struck at all officinae. The last issues of Antioch (approximately August to October of of 275) were all only in her name, and they bear the very unusual title "P F AVG" - unknown for empresses except for a rare issue of Salonina (and then again adopted again in the early fifth century by Galla Placidia, Honoria, and Licinia Eudoxia). Finally, she was the only Empress to strike coins bearing the legend "CONCORDIAE MILITVM," and those coins were her last issue. They seem to have been the hope of an Empress who found herself in charge of a contrite Army.

|Severina|, |Severina,| |Augusta| |Spring| |274| |-| |November| |275| |A.D.,| |Wife| |of| |Aurelian||denarius|
Denarii of this period are scarce and extremely rare in this condition.
SH11074. Billon denarius, MER-RIC 1857, RIC V-1 6, BnF XII 266 ff., Venèra 1504 - 1506, Normanby 1286, Maravielle 110, Choice EF, weight 2.568 g, maximum diameter 19.52 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Rome mint, issue 11, early 275 - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right; reverse VENVS FELIX (Venus who brings good fortune), Venus standing left holding uncertain object (apple?) in right hand, scepter in left hand, Γ in exergue; SOLD


|Severina|, |Severina,| |Augusta| |Spring| |274| |-| |November| |275| |A.D.,| |Wife| |of| |Aurelian||antoninianus|
One of the most attractive Severina antoninianus we have seen.
SH11067. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1796 (48 spec.), BnF XII 181 - 182, Venèra 1082 ff., Maravielle 89, Mazzini 3, Tattershall Thorpe 326, RIC V-1 3, SRCV III 11704, Cohen VI 3, superb EF, weight 3.580 g, maximum diameter 23.2 mm, die axis 180o, 6th officina, Rome mint, issue 10, end 274 A.D.; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIA AVGG (harmony between the emperor and empress), Severina (on left) and Aurelian (togate, holding scepter) standing confronted, clasping hands, SXXIR in exergue; SOLD


|Severina|, |Severina,| |Augusta| |Spring| |274| |-| |November| |275| |A.D.,| |Wife| |of| |Aurelian||antoninianus|
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.
SH43297. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1348 (17 spec.), Bastien 10, BnF XII 14, Sainte-Pallaye 2746, Gloucester 64 - 65, RIC V-1 1 var. (dots in mintmark), Cohen VI 5, SRCV III -, aEF, weight 4.266 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 15o, 4th officina, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 4th issue, mid 275 A.D.; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORD MILIT (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia seated left, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, •D•L• in exergue; rare; SOLD







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OBVERSE LEGENDS

SEVERINAAVG
SEVERINAAVGVSTA
SEVERINAPFAVG
SEVERINAEAVG


REFERENCES

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Bastien, P. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon. De la réouverture de l'atelier par Aurélien à la mort de Carin (fin 274 - mi-285). (Wetteren, 1976).
Bastien, P. & H. Huvelin. "Trésor d'antoniniani en Syrie. La Victoria Parthica de Valérien, les émissions d'Aurélien à Antioche et Tripoli" in RN (1969), pp. 231-270.
Besly, E & R. Bland. "The Tattershall Thorpe, Lincs, Hoard" in CHRB IV (1984), pp. 105-138.
Calicó, E. The Roman Avrei, Vol 2: From Didius Julianus to Constantius I. 193 AD - 335 AD. (Barcelona, 2003).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 6: Macrianus to Diocletian & Maximianus. (Paris, 1886).
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Estiot, S., M. Amandry & M. Bompaire. "Le Trésor de Sainte-Pallaye (Yonne): 8864 antoniniens de Valérien à Carin" in TM XIV (1993), pp. 39 - 124.
Göbl, R. et al. Moneta Imperii Romani, Band 47: Die Münzprägung des Kaisers Aurelianus (270/275). (Vienna, 1985).
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Mazzini, G. Monete Imperiali Romane IV: da Pacaziano a Valeria. (Milano, 1957).
Milani, L. Il ripositglio della Venèra, Monete romane della seconda meta del terzo secolo. (Rome, 1880).
Monnaies de l'Empire Romain / Roman Imperial Coinage AD 268-276 (RIC V Online) http://www.ric.mom.fr
Pflaum, H., P. Bastien, "La trouvaille de monnaies romaines de Thibouville (Eure)" in Gallia XIX (1961), pp. 71-104; Gallia XX (1962), pp. 255-315.
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Vagi, D. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. (Sidney, 1999).

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