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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Gods, Non-Olympian| ▸ |Cybele||View Options:   | | |
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On the significance of this unusual issue, Dr. Philip Kinns, one of the authors of "The Pixodarus Hoard (CH 9. 421)" in Coin Hoards IX (2002), had this to say in the paper: "A small bronze series that must be contemporary with the class C tetradrachms can be identified. The types are head of city goddess or Cybele left, with astragal behind, and on the reverse a bee with magistrate's name above and surrounded by a border of dots. This is the only Ephesian bronze series without the ethnic, and the earliest to have magistrates' names, those recorded being EΠIΓONOΣ, HΓEΛOXOΣ and OIΩNOΣ. The same three men share obverses 19 and 21 in the tetradrachms, with Epigonos and Oionos also linked by obverses 22 and 23. This bronze series was dated c. 280 - 258 by Head, but we can now affirm c. 375 as the likely time of issue, given that the Yaka hoard, buried c. 365, also included tetradrachms from the following class D."GB114694. Bronze AE 12, Head Ephesus p. 131, Period VIII, Group β, 13 (pl. III, 15); otherwise likely unpublished, VF, attractive dark green patina, highlighting reddish earthen deposits, magistrate's name bold and complete, rev. die crack, weight 1.616 g, maximum diameter 12.2 mm, die axis 0o, Ephesos (near Selcuk, Turkey) mint, c. 375 B.C., magistrate Oionos; obverse laureate laureate and turreted head of city goddess or Cybele left, wearing necklace, astragalos behind neck; reverse OIΩ-N-OΣ, bee seen from above, straight wings; very rare;
Nero, 13 October 54 - 9 June 68 A.D., Docimeium, Phrygia
Cybele was born a hermaphrodite, but castrated by the gods, she became female. Heeding the Sibylline oracle the senate brought her worship to Rome in 204 B.C. as the first officially sanctioned Eastern cult. After approval, they were dismayed to learn that the priesthood required voluntary self-castration, which was abhorrent to the Romans. Romans were barred from entering the priesthood or even entering the priest's sanctuary. The eunuch priests, recruited from outside Rome, were confined to their sanctuary, leaving only to parade in the streets during festivals in April. Claudius removed the bans on Roman participation, making worship of Cybele and her consort Attis part of the state religion.RP113887. Brass AE 18, RPC I 3213.3 (same c/m); BMC Phrygia p. 191, 18 (same); Waddington 5954 (same); Hunterian II 2 = SNG Hunt I 2042 (same); c/m: Howgego 224, VF, well-defined countermark, dark patina, open edge crack, weight 3.064 g, maximum diameter 18.1 mm, die axis 0o, Docimeium (Iscehisar, Turkey) mint, c. 55 A.D.(?); obverse NEPΩN KAIΣAP, bare-headed draped bust of young Nero right, countermark: bearded bust left in an oval punch; reverse Cybele standing facing, between two lions, both turned away from her, but looking back in anticipation, ΔOKI/MEΩN divided in two upward lines above lions;
Sala, Lydia, c. 98 - 117 A.D.
The town of Sala is identifiable with Tepecik in today's west Asiatic Turkey, but in antiquity was in the Roman province of Lydia in Asia Minor.RP113001. Bronze AE 19, RPC Online III 2438; BMC Lydia p. 228, 11; SNG Cop 422; SNG Leypold II 1178; Waddington 6435; Weber 6895; Lindgren I 797, VF, well centered, green patina, obv. flatly struck, light deposits, weight 5.132 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 30o, Lydia, Sala (Tepecik, Turkey) mint, c. 98 - 117 A.D.; obverse bust of Athena right, wearing crested Corinthian helmet and aegis; reverse CAΛHNΩN, Cybele seated left, kalathos on head, phiale in right hand, resting left arm on tympanum (drum), lion at feet on far side;
Claudius and Agrippina Junior, 50 - 13 October 54 A.D., Smyrna, Ionia
Agrippina Jr. was daughter of Agrippina Sr. and Germanicus, sister of Caligula, and mother of Nero. She seduced and married her uncle Claudius, murdering him after she secured the thrown for Nero. A soothsayer prophesied if Nero became emperor, he would kill his mother, Agrippina replied "Let him kill me, only let him rule!" Nero executed her in 59 A.D.RP70082. Bronze AE 21, Klose XXX; RPC I 2475; SNG Cop 1348; BMC Ionia p. 270, 281; Lindgren I A561A, VF, nice near black dark patina, small areas of light corrosion and encrustation, strike weak upper reverse, weight 5.197 g, maximum diameter 21.0 mm, die axis 0o, Smyrna (Izmir, Turkey) mint, 51 - 13 Oct 54 A.D.; obverse jugate laureate head of Claudius and draped bust of Agrippina Junior right, ΣMYP below; reverse EΠI ΦIΛIΣTOY EIKAΔIOΣ (stephanephoros Philistos and strategos Eikadios), Cybele seated left, patera in right, left arm resting on tympanum on seat beside her, small lion right under seat on exergue line; rare; SOLD
Julia Domna, Augusta 194 - 8 April 217 A.D., Hypaepa, Lydia
Cybele, the Phrygian deification of the Earth Mother, was born a hermaphrodite but castrated by the gods, she became female. Heeding the Sibylline oracle, the senate brought her worship to Rome in 204 B.C. as the first officially sanctioned Eastern cult. After approval, they were dismayed to learn that the priesthood required voluntary self-castration, which was abhorrent to the Romans. Romans were barred from entering the priesthood or even entering the priest's sanctuary. The eunuch priests, recruited from outside Rome, were confined to their sanctuary, leaving only to parade in the streets during festivals in April. Claudius removed the bans on Roman participation, making worship of Cybele and her consort Attis part of the state religion.RS43696. Bronze AE 30, BMC Lydia -, SNG Cop -, SNGvA -, SNG Hunterian -, SNG Munchen, SNG Tüb -, SNG Righetti -, Weber -, gF, weight 13.220 g, maximum diameter 30.1 mm, die axis 180o, Hypaepa (near Günlüce, Turkey) mint, 194 - 8 Apr 217 A.D.; obverse IOV ΔOMNA CEBACTH, draped bust right; reverse [EΠI CTPA ...] Δ OYΠAΠIΩNOC, Cybele seated left, lion at feet, holding phiale, elbow on tympanum, YΠAIΠΗNΩN in exergue; extremely rare; SOLD
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