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Ming knives are identified by a character that looks like an eye on the obverse. Traditionally this character has been identified as ming, hence the name for the type. Others identify the character as Yi. A mint for Ming knives was unearthed at Xiadu, to the south west of Beijing. This was the site of Yi, capital of the State of Yan from 360 B.C., so the reading of yi has found favor recently. Molds have also been discovered in Shandong. The coins have been found, often in great quantities, across much of northern China and even as far as Korea and Japan. A wide range of characters are found on the reverses. There are two different Ming knife shapes. The first, presumably the earlier, is curved like the pointed tip knives. The second has a straight blade and often a pronounced angled bend in the middle. This shape is known as qing, a chime stone. The alloy contains around 40% copper and they weigh around 16 grams.CH115307. Bronze knife money, Hartill 4.42, Schjoth 51-61, Fisher 342, Paohua DCD 577; 13.155g, 134.3mm long, F, beautiful blue-green patina, chime stone shape, weight 13.155 g, maximum diameter 134.3 mm, die axis 0o, Ming mint, 400 - 220 B.C.; obverse Ming (bright) or Yi; reverse you yi qian (or similar); $80.00 (€75.20)
China, Qing Dynasty, Emperor Gao Zong, 1736 - 1795 A.D. Board of Revenue Type A
The Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China (1636–1912) and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Russian Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution.CH114130. Bronze 1 cash, Hartill 22.254, Schjoth 1480, Fisher 2321, weight 5.363 g, maximum diameter 26.4 mm, 1754 - 1760; obverse Qian Long tong bao, orthodox script; reverse Boo yun; $35.00 (€32.90)
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Hui Zong, 1100 - 1125 A.D.
Huizong, one of the most famous Song Dynasty emperors, spent most of his life surrounded by luxury, sophistication, and art, but ended in tragedy. An artist, Huizong neglected the army, and Song China became increasingly weak. On Jan 18, 1126, after the forces of the Jin had crossed the Yellow River and came in sight of the Song capital, Kaifeng, Huizong abdicated in favor of his son Emperor Qinzong. The Jin entered Kaifeng on Jan 9, 1127, and many days of looting, rapes, and massacre followed. Huizong and Qinzong were captured and demoted to commoner. Huizong was deported to northern Manchuria, where he spent the last eight years of his life as a captive.CH112446. Bronze 2 cash, Hartill 16.393, Gorny NS 32-2.b, Schjoth 614, Fisher 1026, F, heavy deposits and encrustations; flower (rosette) hole, weight 6.556 g, maximum diameter 31.0 mm, 1101 - 1106 A.D.; obverse Sheng Song yuan bao, running script, clockwise, dot feet bao; reverse plain; $12.00 (€11.28)
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhe Zong, 1086 - 1100 A.D.
"Round as the heavens, square as the earth," is a Chinese saying used to metaphorically describe the fabric of the coins. On the practical side, it was discovered very early that a square hole fit a square shaft, which enabled a stacked quantity of coins to be turned on a lathe to remove casting irregularities.CH112440. Bronze 1 cash, Gorny NS 29.a, Hartill 16.291, Schjoth 585, Fisher 990; small size variety, F, light earthen deposits, weight 3.353 g, maximum diameter 23.6 mm, 1094 - 1097 A.D.; obverse Shao Sheng yuan bao, seal script, clockwise; reverse plain; $9.00 (€8.46)
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhe Zong, 1086 - 1100 A.D.
"Round as the heavens, square as the earth," is a Chinese saying used to metaphorically describe the fabric of the coins. On the practical side, it was discovered very early that a square hole fit a square shaft, which enabled a stacked quantity of coins to be turned on a lathe to remove casting irregularities.CH112443. Bronze 2 cash, Gorny NS 29-2.b, Hartill 16.319, Schjoth 595, Fisher 996; large coin variety, F, earthen deposits and encrustations, weight 7.436 g, maximum diameter 30.6 mm, 1094 - 1097 A.D.; obverse Shao Sheng yuan bao, running script, clockwise; reverse plain; $9.00 (€8.46)
Vietnam, Nguyen Dynasty, Nguyen Thanh To (Minh Mang), 14 February 1820 - 20 January 1841 A.D.
| Minh Mang was the second emperor of the Nguyen dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 14 February 1820 until his death, on 20 January 1841. He was well known for his opposition to French involvement in Vietnam and his rigid Confucian orthodoxy. He banned missionaries from Vietnam and seven missionaries were sentenced to death. Although he disagreed with European culture and thinking, he studied it closely and was known for his scholarly nature. In 1820, Captain John White of the US Navy was the first American to make contact with Vietnam, arriving in Saigon. Minh Mang was interested in purchasing artillery, firearms, uniforms and books, but a deal was not made. In 1833 the south revolted. Saigon was put under siege in December 1834 and fell nine months later in September 1835. |  |
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Tai Zong, 976 - 997 A.D.
| Known by his temple name Taizong after his death, Zhao Jiong was the second emperor of the Song dynasty in China. Taizong was a hardworking and diligent emperor, notable for reunifying China by conquering the Northern Han and for caring for the well-being of his people. He personally led the campaign against the North, increased agricultural production, organized encyclopedias, expanded the courts and the examination system, and further limited the military power of the jiedushi. He personally wrote the inscriptions on his coins. |  |
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Shen Zong, 1067 - 1085 A.D.
Shenzong implemented Wang Anshi's famous reforms aimed at improving life for the peasantry and unemployed. He was initially successful against the Tangut Empire but Shenzong's forces were defeated at the City of Yongle battle of 1082. As a result, the Xixia forces grew more powerful and would be a thorn on the side of the Song dynasty in the ensuing decadesCH112437. Bronze 1 cash, Gorny NS 27.b, Hartill 16.236, Schjoth 547, Fisher 963, F, weight 3.619 g, maximum diameter 23.8 mm, die axis 0o, 1078 - 1085 A.D.; obverse Yuan Feng tong bao, running script, clockwise; reverse plain; $5.00 (€4.70)
China, Western Han Dynasty, 206 B.C. - 25 A.D.
The banliang, round with a square hole in the middle, was the first unified currency of China, introduced by the first emperor Qin Shi Huang around 210 B.C. Before that, a variety of coins were used in China, usually in the form of blades (knife money) or other implements, though round coins with square holes were used by the state of Zhou before it was extinguished by Qin in 249 B.C. Banliang coinage was part of a broader Qin standardization plan which also unified weights, measures and axle width. By the time this coin was issued, a full monetary economy had developed, with taxes, salaries and fines paid in coins. An average of 220 million coins were produced each year.CH112457. Bronze 4 zhu, Hartill 7.16 - 7.17; Mitchiner ATEC 2 5156 (perhaps other varieties in the lot), near Fine or better, as found patina and deposits, 175 - 119 B.C.; obverse Ban Liang, no rims; reverse plain, no rims; randomly selected from the same lot in as the coins in the photograph, ONE COIN; $5.00 (€4.70)
China, Xin Dynasty, Wang Mang's Interregnum, 7 - 23 A.D.
| Minted during the lifetime of Jesus! Wang Mang was a Han Dynasty official and consort kin who seized the throne from the Liu family and founded the Xin Dynasty, ruling 9-23 A.D. The Han dynasty was restored after his overthrow, and his rule marks the separation between the Western Han Dynasty (before Xin) and Eastern Han Dynasty (after Xin). Some historians have traditionally viewed Wang as a usurper, while others have portrayed him as a visionary and selfless social reformer. Though a learned Confucian scholar who sought to implement the harmonious society he saw in the classics, his efforts ended in chaos. In October 23 A.D., the capital Chang'an was attacked and the imperial palace ransacked. Wang Mang died in the battle. The Han dynasty was reestablished in 25 A.D. when Liu Xiu (Emperor Guangwu) took the throne. |  |
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